Jai Baba Balak Nath Ji

बाबा बालकनाथ जी हिन्दू आराध्य हैं, जिनको उत्तर-भारतीय राज्य हिमाचल प्रदेश , पंजाब , दिल्ली में बहुत श्रद्धा से पूजा जाता है, इनके पूजनीय स्थल को “दयोटसिद्ध” के नाम से जाना जाता है, यह मंदिर हिमाचल प्रदेश के हमीरपुर जिले के चकमोह गाँव की पहाड़ी के उच्च शिखर में स्थित है। मंदिर में पहाडी के बीच एक प्राकॄतिक गुफा है, ऐसी मान्यता है, कि यही स्थान बाबाजी का आवास स्थान था। मंदिर में बाबाजी की एक मूर्ति स्थित है, भक्तगण बाबाजी की वेदी में “ रोट” चढाते हैं, “ रोट ” को आटे और चीनी/गुड को घी में मिलाकर बनाया जाता है। यहाँ पर बाबाजी को बकरा भी चढ़ाया जाता है, जो कि उनके प्रेम का प्रतीक है, यहाँ पर बकरे की बलि नहीं चढ़ाई जाती बल्कि उनका पालन पोषण करा जाता है। बाबाजी की गुफा में महिलाओं के प्रवेश पर प्रतिबन्ध है, लेकिन उनके दर्शन के लिए गुफा के बिलकुल सामने एक ऊँचा चबूतरा बनाया गया है, जहाँ से महिलाएँ उनके दूर से दर्शन कर सकती हैं। मंदिर से करीब छहः कि॰मी॰ आगे एक स्थान “शाहतलाई” स्थित है, ऐसी मान्यता है, कि इसी जगह बाबाजी “ध्यानयोग” किया करते थे।

कहानी[संपादित करें]

बाबा बालकनाथ जी की कहानी बाबा बालकनाथ अमर कथा में पढ़ी जा सकती है, ऐसी मान्यता है, कि बाबाजी का जन्म सभी युगों में हुआ जैसे कि सत्य युग,त्रेता युग,द्वापर युग और वर्तमान में कल युग और हर एक युग में उनको अलग-अलग नाम से जाना गया जैसे “सत युग” में “ स्कन्द ”, “ त्रेता युग” में “ कौल” और “ द्वापर युग” में “महाकौल” के नाम से जाने गये। अपने हर अवतार में उन्होंने गरीबों एवं निस्सहायों की सहायता करके उनके दुख दर्द और तकलीफों का नाश किया। हर एक जन्म में यह शिव के बड़े भक्त कहलाए। द्वापर युग में, ”महाकौल” जिस समय “कैलाश पर्वत” जा रहे थे, जाते हुए रास्ते में उनकी मुलाकात एक वृद्ध स्त्री से हुई, उसने बाबा जी से गन्तव्य में जाने का अभिप्राय पूछा, वृद्ध स्त्री को जब बाबाजी की इच्छा का पता चला कि वह भगवान शिव से मिलने जा रहे हैं तो उसने उन्हें मानसरोवर नदी के किनारे तपस्या करने की सलाह दी और माता पार्वती, (जो कि मानसरोवर नदी में अक्सर स्नान के लिए आया करती थीं) से उन तक पहुँचने का उपाय पूछने के लिए कहा। बाबाजी ने बिलकुल वैसा ही किया और अपने उद्देश्य, भगवान शिव से मिलने में सफल हुए। बालयोगी महाकौल को देखकर शिवजी बहुत प्रसन्न हुए और उन्होंने बाबाजी को कलयुग तक भक्तों के बीच सिद्ध प्रतीक के तौर से पूजे जाने का आशिर्वाद प्रदान किया और चिर आयु तक उनकी छवि को बालक की छवि के तौर पर बने रहने का भी आशिर्वाद दिया।

कलयुग में बाबा बालकनाथ जी ने गुजरात, काठियाबाद में “देव” के नाम से जन्म लिया। उनकी माता का नाम लक्ष्मी और पिता का नाम वैष्णो वैश था, बचपन से ही बाबाजी ‘आध्यात्म’ में लीन रहते थे। यह देखकर उनके माता पिता ने उनका विवाह करने का निश्चय किया, परन्तु बाबाजी उनके प्रस्ताव को अस्विकार करके और घर परिवार को छोड़ कर ‘ परम सिद्धी ’ की राह पर निकल पड़े। और एक दिन जूनागढ़ की गिरनार पहाडी में उनका सामना “स्वामी दत्तात्रेय” से हुआ और यहीं पर बाबाजी ने स्वामी दत्तात्रेय से “ सिद्ध” की बुनियादी शिक्षा ग्रहण करी और “सिद्ध” बने। तभी से उन्हें “ बाबा बालकनाथ जी” कहा जाने लगा।

बाबाजी के दो पृथ्क साक्ष्य अभी भी उप्लब्ध हैं जो कि उनकी उपस्थिति के अभी भी प्रमाण हैं जिन में से एक है “ गरुन का पेड़” यह पेड़ अभी भी शाहतलाई में मौजूद है, इसी पेड़ के नीचे बाबाजी तपस्या किया करते थे। दूसरा प्रमाण एक पुराना पोलिस स्टेशन है, जो कि “बड़सर” में स्थित है जहाँ पर उन गायों को रखा गया था जिन्होंने सभी खेतों की फसल खराब कर दी थी, जिसकी कहानी इस तरह से है कि, एक महिला जिसका नाम ’ रत्नो ’ था, ने बाबाजी को अपनी गायों की रखवाली के लिए रखा था जिसके बदले में रत्नो बाबाजी को रोटी और लस्सी खाने को देती थी, ऐसी मान्यता है कि बाबाजी अपनी तपस्या में इतने लीन रहते थे कि रत्नो द्वारा दी गयी रोटी और लस्सी खाना याद ही नहीं रहता था। एक बार जब रत्नो बाबाजी की आलोचना कर रही थी कि वह गायों का ठीक से ख्याल नहीं रखते जबकि रत्नो बाबाजी के खाने पीने का खूब ध्यान रखतीं हैं। रत्नो का इतना ही कहना था कि बाबाजी ने पेड़ के तने से रोटी और ज़मीन से लस्सी को उत्त्पन्न कर दिया। बाबाजी ने सारी उम्र ब्रह्मचर्य का पालन किया और इसी बात को ध्यान में रखते हुए उनकी महिला भक्त ‘गर्भगुफा’ में प्रवेश नहीं करती जो कि प्राकृतिक गुफा में स्थित है जहाँ पर बाबाजी तपस्या करते हुए अंतर्ध्यान हो गए थे।

 

                                                                देवनागरी              सिद्ध बाबा बालक नाथ

                                                                संबंध                     ब्राह्मण, (नाथ), 

                                                                देवतामंत्र                ॐ नमः सिद्धाय

                                                                प्रतीक                     झोली, चिमटा, वैरागन, पउए

                                                                माता-पिता             (Father) रतनो (mother)

•                                                                 सवारी                     मोर
•                                                                  त्यौहार                   चेत महिना, चैत्र                               
  

                                                                                                                                            

The Lake Of Srinagar

Dal Lake

Top choice lake

in Srinagar

The Gurdwara of Harmandir Sahib Ji

 

History of Harmandir Sahib

History of Harmandir Sahib

The origin and evolution of the place where the Golden Temple now stands is covered in mystery. Some sources trace its origin from the pre-historic era as an Indian place of worship. The location of the Golden Temple is a low lying area with a big pond surrounded by dense jungle. This piece of land was shred by Sultanwind Tung, Gilwali and Gumtala etc. villages. More over its geographical location was superb. It was next to the city of Lahore, the then capital of Punjab and the highway connecting India and Central Asian countries was also running through this piece of land.

Select Chronology of Harmandir Sahib and Amritsar

1573 AD The construction work of the holy water tank started under the supervision of Guru RamDas Ji.

1577 AD Guru Ram Das Ji laid the foundation of Amritsar (earlier known as Ram Das Pur)

1588 AD The foundation of Harimandir was laid by a Muslim saint Mian Mir.

1604 AD The central shrine completed.

1606 AD The Sikh Guru Hargobind ji adopted two swords, one for religious affairs and another for worldly affairs. Guru Hargobind sahib ji also laid the foundation of Akal Takht.

1621 AD Guru Teg Bahadur ji was born in Amritsar.

1628 AD The first ever Sikh-Mughal armed conflict, and the Sikhs emerged victorious under the command of Guru Hargobind sahib ji.

1634 AD Guru Hargobind sahib ji left for Kiratpur with his devotees to avert possible attack on visiting Sikh devotees.

1665 AD Guru Teg Bhadur visited the Golden Temple after becoming the ninth Sikh Guru but he was denied entry by its priests.

1721 AD Bhai Mani Singh appointed the head priest and administrator of the Golden Temple. After a century long period, the Golden Temple’s control was again under the Sikhs.

1725 AD Dispute between the two Sikh sects over the Golden Temple’s control. Bhai Mani singh resolved it in a fair manner.

1738 AD The head priest Bhai Mani Singh hacked into pieces for not paying demanded revenue to the Mughal authorities

1739 AD The Mughals negotiated peace and granted independent territory [jagir] to the Sikhs.

1739 AD Persian king Nadis Shah attached the Golden Temple

1740 AD The Sikhs avenged the act of sacrilege by a Mughal administrator named Massa Ranghard. Two Sikh warriors Sukha singh and Mehtab singh chopped his head in the sanctum where he was watching dance under he effect of alcohol with his friends and soldiers.

1745 AD A wave of suppression started to curb the Sikhs.

1757 AD Afghan King Ahmed Shah Abdali attacked the Golden Temple and Baba Deep Singh martyred.

1762 AD After the greater holocaust of Feb 5, 1762 Afghan king Abdali Razed the Golden Temple to the ground and filled its holy tank with debris, rubbish and animal carcasses.

1764 AD Once again Abdali came to Amritsar and ruined what ever he came across. Baba Gubaksh Singh and his thirty comrades were ruthlessly murdered near the Akal Takhat.

1767 AD Udasi saints Nirvan Pritam Das and Mahant Santokh Das brought 35 miles long water canal to fill the holy water tank with the water of river Ravi.

1773 AD Sikh Misal chiefs raised the building of Gurdwara baba Atal near the Golden Temple.

1776 AD Reconstruction of the damaged holy water tank, entrance gate and bridge.

1802 AD Maharaja Ranjit Singh occupied the territory of Amritsar.

1808 AD Amritsar’s famous Gobindghar fort was raised to shift Lahore’s treasure to Amritsar.

1813 AD Maharaja Ranjit Singh obtained famous diamond "Ko-he-noor", now studded in the English crown, and a great army march past in the streets of Amritsar.

1822 AD Amritsar’s fortification wall with twelve gates completed.

1831 AD Gold world of the Golden Temple Reached its final stages.

1839 AD Maharaja Ranjit Singh came to Golden Temple in March 1839, it proved his last visit.

1849 AD The Sikhs lost their rule over the unified territory of Punjab.

1857 AD Amritsar observed a little effect of the mutiny against the British.

1871 AD Kuka [Namdhari] movement rocked Amritsar, Several Muslim butchers were assassinated. British administrators hanged several Kuka disciples to death in Amritsar near Maharaja Ranjit Singh’s summer palace.

1873 AD Singh Sabha Movement gained roots.

1881 AD The British government introduced their management agents or managers [Sarbarah] to exercise their full control over the Golden Temple.

1893 AD Khalsa College, Amritsar opened.

1902 AD Pro British chief Khala Diwan Formed.

1919 AD Jallian Wala Bagh massacre took life of several thousands innocent Sikhs and others on the Baisakhi day in Amritsar.

1921 AD The Sikhs took control of several Sikh shrines including the Golden Temple. SGPC like mother body emerged that took its final shape after some years.

1923 AD The first Ka Sewa or cleansing of the holy water tank took place.

1925 AD Sikh Gurdwara Act passed.

1947 AD Amritsar became a border city after India’s partition.

1949 AD Sikh Reference library formed.

1958 AD Central Sikh museum formed.

1973 AD The second Kar Sewa of the holy water tank.

1977 AD The city of Amritsar observed its 400th birthday.

1978 AD Sikh – Nirankari conflict took life of thirteen innocent Sikh demonstrators and it changed the Punjab forever.

1984 AD Indian Army invaded Golden Temple under operation "Blue Star", that claimed life of several innocent thousands of lives and resulted into the destruction of the Golden Temple complex.

1988 AD Another Para military action took place this year aimed to flush out Sikh militants from the Golden Temple complex.

1988 AD Several thousand shops and houses generally of the Sikhs were removed to make a corridor around the Golden Temple. It added long awaited beauty and space to the Golden Temple.

1997 AD English Queen Elizabeth II and her husband paid a visit to the Golden Temple.

2004 AD The Golden Temple observed the first Kar Sewa of the 21st century for the purpose of installing water treatment plants. This year also observed the largest ever recorded strength of devotees visiting the Golden Temple at once, on the eve of Quadricentennial Installation celebrations of the Sikh Scripture in September 2004.Harminder Sahib

Internet

                                                                    Internet

           computer network

Internet, a system architecture that has revolutionized communications and methods of commerce by allowing various computer networks around the world to interconnect. Sometimes referred to as a “network of networks,” the Internet emerged in the United States in the 1970s but did not become visible to the general public until the early 1990s. By 2020, approximately 4.5 billion people, or more than half of the world’s population, were estimated to have access to the Internet.

The Internet consists of technologies developed by different individuals and organizations. Important figures include Robert W. Taylor, who led the development of the ARPANET (an early prototype of the Internet), and Vinton Cerf and Robert Kahn, who developed the Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) technologies.

                            

Origin And Development

Early networks

The first computer networks were dedicated special-purpose systems such as SABRE (an airline reservation system) and AUTODIN I (a defense command-and-control system), both designed and implemented in the late 1950s and early 1960s. By the early 1960s computer manufacturers had begun to use semiconductor technology in commercial products, and both conventional batch-processing and time-sharing systems were in place in many large, technologically advanced companies. Time-sharing systems allowed a computer’s resources to be shared in rapid succession with multiple users, cycling through the queue of users so quickly that the computer appeared dedicated to each user’s tasks despite the existence of many others accessing the system “simultaneously.” This led to the notion of sharing computer resources (called host computers or simply hosts) over an entire network. Host-to-host interactions were envisioned, along with access to specialized resources (such as supercomputers and mass storage systems) and interactive access by remote users to the computational powers of time-sharing systems located elsewhere. These ideas were first realized in ARPANET, which established the first host-to-host network connection on October 29, 1969. It was created by the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) of the U.S. Department of Defense. ARPANET was one of the first general-purpose computer networks. It connected time-sharing computers at government-supported research sites, principally universities in the United States, and it soon became a critical piece of infrastructure for the computer science research community in the United States. Tools and applications—such as the simple mail transfer protocol (SMTP, commonly referred to as e-mail), for sending short messages, and the file transfer protocol (FTP), for longer transmissions—quickly emerged. In order to achieve cost-effective interactive communications between computers, which typically communicate in short bursts of data, ARPANET employed the new technology of packet switching. Packet switching takes large messages (or chunks of computer data) and breaks them into smaller, manageable pieces (known as packets) that can travel independently over any available circuit to the target destination, where the pieces are reassembled. Thus, unlike traditional voice communications, packet switching does not require a single dedicated circuit between each pair of users.

DARPA (Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency; formerly ARPA) supported initiatives for ground-based and satellite-based packet networks. The ground-based packet radio system provided mobile access to computing resources, while the packet satellite network connected the United States with several European countries and enabled connections with widely dispersed and remote regions. With the introduction of packet radio, connecting a mobile terminal to a computer network became feasible. However, time-sharing systems were then still too large, unwieldy, and costly to be mobile or even to exist outside a climate-controlled computing environment. A strong motivation thus existed to connect the packet radio network to ARPANET in order to allow mobile users with simple terminals to access the time-sharing systems for which they had authorization. Similarly, the packet satellite network was used by DARPA to link the United States with satellite terminals serving the United Kingdom, Norway, Germany, and Italy. These terminals, however, had to be connected to other networks in European countries in order to reach the end users. Thus arose the need to connect the packet satellite net, as well as the packet radio net, with other networks.

Foundation of the Internet

The Internet resulted from the effort to connect various research networks in the United States and Europe. First, DARPA established a program to investigate the interconnection of “heterogeneous networks.” This program, called Internetting, was based on the newly introduced concept of open architecture networking, in which networks with defined standard interfaces would be interconnected by “gateways.” A working demonstration of the concept was planned. In order for the concept to work, a new protocol had to be designed and developed; indeed, a system architecture was also required.

In 1974 Vinton Cerf, then at Stanford University in California, and this author, then at DARPA, collaborated on a paper that first described such a protocol and system architecture—namely, the transmission control protocol (TCP), which enabled different types of machines on networks all over the world to route and assemble data packets. TCP, which originally included the Internet protocol (IP), a global addressing mechanism that allowed routers to get data packets to their ultimate destination, formed the TCP/IP standard, which was adopted by the U.S. Department of Defense in 1980. By the early 1980s the “open architecture” of the TCP/IP approach was adopted and endorsed by many other researchers and eventually by technologists and businessmen around the world.

By the 1980s other U.S. governmental bodies were heavily involved with networking, including the National Science Foundation (NSF), the Department of Energy, and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). While DARPA had played a seminal role in creating a small-scale version of the Internet among its researchers, NSF worked with DARPA to expand access to the entire scientific and academic community and to make TCP/IP the standard in all federally supported research networks. In 1985–86 NSF funded the first five supercomputing centres—at Princeton University, the University of Pittsburgh, the University of California, San Diego, the University of Illinois, and Cornell University. In the 1980s NSF also funded the development and operation of the NSFNET, a national “backbone” network to connect these centres. By the late 1980s the network was operating at millions of bits per second. NSF also funded various nonprofit local and regional networks to connect other users to the NSFNET. A few commercial networks also began in the late 1980s; these were soon joined by others, and the Commercial Internet Exchange (CIX) was formed to allow transit traffic between commercial networks that otherwise would not have been allowed on the NSFNET backbone. In 1995, after extensive review of the situation, NSF decided that support of the NSFNET infrastructure was no longer required, since many commercial providers were now willing and able to meet the needs of the research community, and its support was withdrawn. Meanwhile, NSF had fostered a competitive collection of commercial Internet backbones connected to one another through so-called network access points (NAPs).

From the Internet’s origin in the early 1970s, control of it steadily devolved from government stewardship to private-sector participation and finally to private custody with government oversight and forbearance. Today a loosely structured group of several thousand interested individuals known as the Internet Engineering Task Force participates in a grassroots development process for Internet standards. Internet standards are maintained by the nonprofit Internet Society, an international body with headquarters in Reston, Virginia. The Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN), another nonprofit, private organization, oversees various aspects of policy regarding Internet domain names and numbers.

                             Commercial expansion

The rise of commercial Internet services and applications helped to fuel a rapid commercialization of the Internet. This phenomenon was the result of several other factors as well. One important factor was the introduction of the personal computer and the workstation in the early 1980s—a development that in turn was fueled by unprecedented progress in integrated circuit technology and an attendant rapid decline in computer prices. Another factor, which took on increasing importance, was the emergence of Ethernet and other “local area networks” to link personal computers. But other forces were at work too. Following the restructuring of AT&T in 1984, NSF took advantage of various new options for national-level digital backbone services for the NSFNET. In 1988 the Corporation for National Research Initiatives received approval to conduct an experiment linking a commercial e-mail service (MCI Mail) to the Internet. This application was the first Internet connection to a commercial provider that was not also part of the research community. Approval quickly followed to allow other e-mail providers access, and the Internet began its first explosion in traffic.

Internet